Framework

The Canadian Occupational Therapy Inter-relational Practice Process (COTIPP) Framework, drawn from previous Canadian practice frameworks (i.e., the CPPF and CMCE), aims to describe the collaborative, inter-relational, and rights-based practice of occupational therapy. The COTIPP places ‘build and sustain relationship’ in the centre of the framework, indicating as the essential underlying process of occupational therapy practice. The outer edge of the framework contains an additional three foundational process that occupational therapists engage in throughout practice.

This framework describes different aspects of cognitive strategy use to support practitioners’ clinical reasoning about clients’ reasoning and successful strategy use. It divides strategy use into four aspects, relevant to the task, each rated by therapists’ observation. The first aspect, prerequisites for effective cognitive strategy use, relevant prior to a task, includes the person’s strategy knowledge, strategy repertoire, strategy beliefs, anticipation and recognition of needs, and strategy generation and selection.

This framework aims to guide clinical reasoning with respect to describing, analyzing, and selecting a potential strategy for a client’s unique performance problem. It identifies seven general attributes that can be used to describe and organize cognitive strategies. They are:

This framework aims to describe and build mutual understanding on the central concepts, basic assumptions, and vision of occupational therapy practice. It consists of two sections:

The Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF) consists of four distinct components, three of which are contextual (including the societal context, practice context, and frame of reference). The forth component is process based and is represented by the eight action points that guide the process of occupational enablement. The eight action points are: (1) from enter/initiated, (2) set the stage, (3) assess/evaluate, (4) agree on objectives plan, (5) implement plan, (6) monitor/modify, (7) evaluate outcomes, and (8) conclude/exit.

The concept of occupation is described in this framework, and occupation is characterized by the following seven key concepts: 

1. Occupational form: everything that surrounds the person, consisting of a physical and sociocultural dimension.

Cancer-related fatigues (CRF) is multifactorial and all potential contributing factors are needed to be assessed to understand the unique presentation on the individual’s life. This framework proposes a number of factors associated with CRF. Of these factors, the medical status of fatigue, which is predetermined and cannot be modified by therapists, includes disease-related factors (e.g., type of disease), treatment-related factors (e.g., treatment required), comorbidities, and underlying biomedical factors.

This framework places spirituality as the core of the person. It regards an individual’s spirit as one’s being, unharmed by injury or illness, rather than as a component. In this framework, spirituality is depicted as two concentric circles surrounding the center. The first circle depicts human center and the second circle depicts personal worldview. The center is defined as the core, the heart, or what is means to be human.

The Framework of Doing-Being-Becoming describes the theme of “doing”, “being”, and “becoming” in occupational therapy practice. In this framework, “Doing” refers to occupation and occupational performance of an individual, which is essential for the individual to interact with others and develop own identity, and to create and shape the society. “Being” refers to being true to self, that people are required to spend time thinking and reflecting themselves. This helps an individual describes and sustains the own roles.

The Accountability-Well-being-Ethics (AWE) framework incorporates the humanist and contextualist perspectives to create a balanced foundation of client-centered profession. The conceptual cores include sociocultural, well-being, social/occupational justice, promoting capabilities, accountability, qualitative stories, contingency, hope, solidarity, person directed, coach/partner, and facilitating empowerment, in contrast to different concepts of biomedical health care. This framework is structured for use in education, research, and clinical practice for occupational therapy globally.