Canadian Occupational Therapy Inter-relational Practice Process (COTIPP) Framework

  • The Canadian Occupational Therapy Inter-relational Practice Process (COTIPP) Framework, drawn from previous Canadian practice frameworks (i.e., the CPPF and CMCE), aims to describe the collaborative, inter-relational, and rights-based practice of occupational therapy. The COTIPP places ‘build and sustain relationship’ in the centre of the framework, indicating as the essential underlying process of occupational therapy practice. The outer edge of the framework contains an additional three foundational process that occupational therapists engage in throughout practice. These are to: (a) seek understand about context, such as understanding therapists themselves, the context in which the practice is situated, and the contexts of clients who access occupational therapy services; (b) reflect, critical reflect, and reason, indicating that therapists use deep reflection on what is or is not working in an interaction with a client, adjusting the action, and how to improve practice afterward, as well as critical reflection on how the foundations and imperatives of the system support or hinder clients to access and utilize occupational therapy, following by practice reasoning on the best possible and most ethical outcomes for clients; and (c) use justice-, equity- and rights-based lenses, to evaluate how the contexts and practice process promote or create barriers to the clients’ justice, equity, and rights as well as take action to address the barriers to occupational participation. 

     

    The intermediate layer of the COTIPP includes six action domains: (1) connect; (2) seek understanding and define purpose; (3) explore occupational participation; (4) co-design priorities, goals, outcomes, and plans; (5) trial the plan, explore change, and refine the plan; and (6) plan for transition. Each action domain, while being considered as a separate process, is interrelated. These action domains provide a fluid process, in which occupational therapists could take a collaborative relationship-focused approach to build and sustain relationships with clients, as well as apply the foundational process, as a journey with clients collaboratively to promote their occupational participation. Of note, some action domains can be blended or not applicable depending on the practice settings. 

Summarized by

  • Dr. Chi-Wen (Will) Chien

Type

  • Framework

Population

  • Child
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Elderly

Disability

  • All

Domain of occupation

  • All

Application Note

  • The COTIPP can be applicable to practice with individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations. It can be also applied in institutional and community settings, as well as be flexibly adapted to a variety of contexts. 

Key Reference

  • Restall G, Egan M, Valavaara K, Phenix A, Sack C. (2022). Canadian Occupational Therapy Inter-Relational Practice Process Framework. In M. Egan & G. Restall (Eds.), Promoting Occupational Participation: Collaborative Relationship-focused Occupational Therapy. (pp. 122-150). Ottawa, CA: Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists.

Year Published

  • 2022

Primary Developer

  • Gayle Restall (gayle.restall@umanitoba.ca) and Mary Egen (megan@uOttawa.ca)

Related Models

Client-centred Strategies Framework (CSF)

  • The Client-centred Strategies Framework (CSF) aims to help clinicians in creating environments and contexts that facilitate client-centered practice. This framework consists of five categories; personal reflection, client-centered process, practice settings, community organizing, and coalition advocacy and political action. Each category provides strategies that can be used by clinicians in facilitating client-centered practice. The personal reflections category is the clinician’s process of gaining insight from clinical and individual experiences.

Canadian Model of Occupational Participation (CanMOP)

  • The Canadian Model of Occupational Participation (CanMOP) is described as an iteration of the Canadian occupation model, which assists occupational therapists to collaboratively reflect on occupational participation. Defined as having access to, initiating, and sustaining valued occupations within meaningful relationships and contexts, occupational participation is placed as a central focus in the CanMOP, guiding therapists look beyond occupational performance and engagement.

Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF)

  • The Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF) consists of four distinct components, three of which are contextual (including the societal context, practice context, and frame of reference). The forth component is process based and is represented by the eight action points that guide the process of occupational enablement. The eight action points are: (1) from enter/initiated, (2) set the stage, (3) assess/evaluate, (4) agree on objectives plan, (5) implement plan, (6) monitor/modify, (7) evaluate outcomes, and (8) conclude/exit.

Framework of Doing-Being-Becoming

  • The Framework of Doing-Being-Becoming describes the theme of “doing”, “being”, and “becoming” in occupational therapy practice. In this framework, “Doing” refers to occupation and occupational performance of an individual, which is essential for the individual to interact with others and develop own identity, and to create and shape the society. “Being” refers to being true to self, that people are required to spend time thinking and reflecting themselves. This helps an individual describes and sustains the own roles.

Occupational Performance Process Model

  • The Occupational Performance Process Model is based on the concepts of occupation and client-centered practice; that is, therapists should solve the clients’ occupational performance problems through the client-centered approach. To facilitate clinical decision-making in this model, the first stage is to name, validate, and prioritize occupational performance issues through collaboration with the clients. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure is an assessment that can be used to identify the clients’ perception of problems and importance in their life.

Model Type

Population

Disability

Domain of Occupation

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